2 Samuel 8:10
Then Toi sent Joram his son unto king David, to salute him, and to bless him, because he had fought against Hadadezer, and smitten him: for Hadadezer had wars with Toi. And Joram brought with him vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and vessels of brass:
Original Language Analysis
וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח
sent
H7971
וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח
sent
Strong's:
H7971
Word #:
1 of 31
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
אֶת
H853
אֶת
Strong's:
H853
Word #:
3 of 31
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
בְּנ֣וֹ
his son
H1121
בְּנ֣וֹ
his son
Strong's:
H1121
Word #:
5 of 31
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
לִשְׁאָל
to salute
H7592
לִשְׁאָל
to salute
Strong's:
H7592
Word #:
9 of 31
to inquire; by implication, to request; by extension, to demand
לְשָׁל֜וֹם
H7965
לְשָׁל֜וֹם
Strong's:
H7965
Word #:
11 of 31
safe, i.e., (figuratively) well, happy, friendly; also (abstractly) welfare, i.e., health, prosperity, peace
וּֽלְבָרֲכ֗וֹ
him and to bless
H1288
וּֽלְבָרֲכ֗וֹ
him and to bless
Strong's:
H1288
Word #:
12 of 31
to kneel; by implication to bless god (as an act of adoration), and (vice-versa) man (as a benefit); also (by euphemism) to curse (god or the king, as
עַל֩
H5921
עַל֩
Strong's:
H5921
Word #:
13 of 31
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
H834
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
Strong's:
H834
Word #:
14 of 31
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
נִלְחַ֤ם
him because he had fought
H3898
נִלְחַ֤ם
him because he had fought
Strong's:
H3898
Word #:
15 of 31
to feed on; figuratively, to consume
הֲדַדְעָ֑זֶר
against Hadadezer
H1909
הֲדַדְעָ֑זֶר
against Hadadezer
Strong's:
H1909
Word #:
16 of 31
hadadezer, a syrian king, possibly a royal title
וַיַּכֵּ֔הוּ
and smitten
H5221
וַיַּכֵּ֔הוּ
and smitten
Strong's:
H5221
Word #:
17 of 31
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
כִּי
H3588
כִּי
Strong's:
H3588
Word #:
18 of 31
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
אִ֛ישׁ
had wars
H376
אִ֛ישׁ
had wars
Strong's:
H376
Word #:
19 of 31
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
מִלְחֲמ֥וֹת
H4421
מִלְחֲמ֥וֹת
Strong's:
H4421
Word #:
20 of 31
a battle (i.e., the engagement); generally, war (i.e., war-fare)
הָיָ֣ה
H1961
הָיָ֣ה
Strong's:
H1961
Word #:
22 of 31
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
הֲדַדְעָ֑זֶר
against Hadadezer
H1909
הֲדַדְעָ֑זֶר
against Hadadezer
Strong's:
H1909
Word #:
23 of 31
hadadezer, a syrian king, possibly a royal title
וּבְיָד֗וֹ
And Joram brought with him
H3027
וּבְיָד֗וֹ
And Joram brought with him
Strong's:
H3027
Word #:
24 of 31
a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v
הָי֛וּ
H1961
הָי֛וּ
Strong's:
H1961
Word #:
25 of 31
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
וּכְלֵ֥י
and vessels
H3627
וּכְלֵ֥י
and vessels
Strong's:
H3627
Word #:
26 of 31
something prepared, i.e., any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon)
כֶ֥סֶף
of silver
H3701
כֶ֥סֶף
of silver
Strong's:
H3701
Word #:
27 of 31
silver (from its pale color); by implication, money
וּכְלֵ֥י
and vessels
H3627
וּכְלֵ֥י
and vessels
Strong's:
H3627
Word #:
28 of 31
something prepared, i.e., any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon)
זָהָ֖ב
of gold
H2091
זָהָ֖ב
of gold
Strong's:
H2091
Word #:
29 of 31
gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (i.e., yellow), as oil, a clear sky
Cross References
Psalms 129:8Neither do they which go by say, The blessing of the LORD be upon you: we bless you in the name of the LORD.1 Chronicles 18:10He sent Hadoram his son to king David, to enquire of his welfare, and to congratulate him, because he had fought against Hadarezer, and smitten him; (for Hadarezer had war with Tou;) and with him all manner of vessels of gold and silver and brass.1 Samuel 13:10And it came to pass, that as soon as he had made an end of offering the burnt offering, behold, Samuel came; and Saul went out to meet him, that he might salute him.Isaiah 39:1At that time Merodach-baladan, the son of Baladan, king of Babylon, sent letters and a present to Hezekiah: for he had heard that he had been sick, and was recovered.Genesis 43:27And he asked them of their welfare, and said, Is your father well, the old man of whom ye spake? Is he yet alive?1 Kings 1:47And moreover the king's servants came to bless our lord king David, saying, God make the name of Solomon better than thy name, and make his throne greater than thy throne. And the king bowed himself upon the bed.
Historical Context
The historical setting of 2 Samuel 8 occurs during David's reign (circa 1010-970 BCE) over Israel's united monarchy. Archaeological discoveries, including the Tel Dan inscription mentioning the 'House of David,' corroborate biblical historicity. Ancient Near Eastern customs regarding God granting victory and expansion provide crucial background. The geopolitical situation involved regional powers—Philistines, Ammonites, Arameans, Moabites, Edomites—as David consolidated and expanded Israel's territory. Cultural practices concerning kingship, warfare, covenant relationships, family dynamics, and religious observance differed significantly from modern Western contexts, requiring careful attention to avoid anachronistic interpretation while extracting timeless theological principles applicable across cultures and eras.
Questions for Reflection
- How does this passage deepen your understanding of God granting victory and expansion?
- What does this verse reveal about God's character, and how should that shape your worship and obedience?
- In what specific ways can you apply this truth to your current circumstances and relationships this week?
Related Resources
Explore related topics, people, and study resources to deepen your understanding of this passage.
Analysis & Commentary
Then Toi sent Joram his son unto king David, to salute him, and to bless him, because he had fought against Hadadezer, and smitten him: for Hadadezer had wars with Toi. And Joram brought with him vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and vessels of brass:
This verse contributes to the narrative of David's Military Victories, emphasizing God granting victory and expansion. David's military campaigns demonstrate God's promise-keeping (Genesis 15:18-21) regarding territorial boundaries. The Hebrew emphasizes that "the LORD gave David victory wherever he went," attributing success to divine enablement rather than mere military prowess. Theological themes include God's sovereignty over nations, the legitimacy of defensive/offensive warfare under certain circumstances, and proper use of conquered wealth for God's purposes.