2 Samuel 8:10

Authorized King James Version

Then Toi sent Joram his son unto king David, to salute him, and to bless him, because he had fought against Hadadezer, and smitten him: for Hadadezer had wars with Toi. And Joram brought with him vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and vessels of brass:

Word-by-Word Analysis

וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח

H7971

sent

to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)

תֹּ֖עִי

H8583

Then Toi

tou or toi, a syrian king

אֶת

H853

properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)

יֽוֹרָם

H3141

Joram

joram, the name of three israelites and one syrian

בְּנ֣וֹ

H1121

his son

a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or

אֶל

H413

near, with or among; often in general, to

הַמֶּֽלֶךְ

H4428

unto king

a king

דָּ֠וִד

H1732

David

david, the youngest son of jesse

לִשְׁאָל

H7592

to salute

to inquire; by implication, to request; by extension, to demand

#10

ל֨וֹ

#11

לְשָׁל֜וֹם

H7965

safe, i.e., (figuratively) well, happy, friendly; also (abstractly) welfare, i.e., health, prosperity, peace

#12

וּֽלְבָרֲכ֗וֹ

H1288

him and to bless

to kneel; by implication to bless god (as an act of adoration), and (vice-versa) man (as a benefit); also (by euphemism) to curse (god or the king, as

#13

עַל֩

H5921

above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications

#14

אֲשֶׁ֨ר

H834

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc

#15

נִלְחַ֤ם

H3898

him because he had fought

to feed on; figuratively, to consume

#16

הֲדַדְעָ֑זֶר

H1909

against Hadadezer

hadadezer, a syrian king, possibly a royal title

#17

וַיַּכֵּ֔הוּ

H5221

and smitten

to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)

#18

כִּי

H3588

(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed

#19

אִ֛ישׁ

H376

had wars

a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)

#20

מִלְחֲמ֥וֹת

H4421

a battle (i.e., the engagement); generally, war (i.e., war-fare)

#21

תֹּ֖עִי

H8583

Then Toi

tou or toi, a syrian king

#22

הָיָ֣ה

H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

#23

הֲדַדְעָ֑זֶר

H1909

against Hadadezer

hadadezer, a syrian king, possibly a royal title

#24

וּבְיָד֗וֹ

H3027

And Joram brought with him

a hand (the open one [indicating power, means, direction, etc.], in distinction from h3709, the closed one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great v

#25

הָי֛וּ

H1961

to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)

#26

וּכְלֵ֥י

H3627

and vessels

something prepared, i.e., any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon)

#27

כֶ֥סֶף

H3701

of silver

silver (from its pale color); by implication, money

#28

וּכְלֵ֥י

H3627

and vessels

something prepared, i.e., any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon)

#29

זָהָ֖ב

H2091

of gold

gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (i.e., yellow), as oil, a clear sky

#30

וּכְלֵ֥י

H3627

and vessels

something prepared, i.e., any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon)

#31

נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃

H5178

of brass

copper, hence, something made of that metal, i.e., coin, a fetter; figuratively, base (as compared with gold or silver)

Analysis

This verse develops the salvation theme central to 2 Samuel. The concept of divine revelation reflects the development of salvation within biblical theology. The literary structure and word choice here contribute to biblical literature contributing to the canon's theological witness, advancing the author's theological argument. The original language emphasizes careful word choice that would have carried specific theological weight for the original audience, providing deeper understanding of the author's theological intention.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

How might the original audience's understanding of divine revelation differ from modern interpretations, and what bridges can be built between ancient meaning and contemporary application?
How does this verse's literary context within 2 Samuel chapter 8 illuminate its theological significance, and what does this teach us about biblical interpretation?
What practical applications emerge from understanding salvation as presented in this verse, particularly in light of addressing questions of religious pluralism and the exclusivity of Christ?

Related Resources

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